River Valley Projects of Jharkhand – A Complete Overview

River Valley Projects in Jharkhand are multi-purpose in nature, fulfilling objectives like irrigation, flood control, power generation, and fisheries. Below is a comprehensive overview of the major river valley projects operating in Jharkhand.

What is a Multipurpose River Valley Project?

  • Projects built for more than one purpose such as irrigation, hydropower, flood control, drinking water, and fisheries.
  • Constructed by building dams on rivers.
  • These projects are vital for the agricultural and industrial development of Jharkhand.

Damodar Valley Project (DVC) – India’s First Multipurpose River Valley Project

  • Started in 1948, this was the first multipurpose river valley project in India.
  • Joint venture of Jharkhand and West Bengal.
  • Inspired by the Tennessee Valley Project (USA).
  • Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was established on 7 July 1948, with its headquarters in Kolkata.

Key Infrastructure under DVC:

  • 8 Major Dams
  • 1 Barrage (Durgapur Barrage)
  • 6 Hydel Power PlantsTilaiya, Maithon, Bal Pahari, Panchet, Bermo, Konar
  • 3 Thermal Power StationsBokaro, Chandrapura, Durgapur

Important Dams & Related Rivers:

Dam NameRiverDistrictCatchment Area (sq. km)Inauguration Date
TilaiyaBarakarKoderma984⭐ 21-Feb-1953
KonarKonarHazaribagh997⭐ 15-Oct-1955
MaithonBarakarDhanbad6293⭐ 27-Sept-1957
PanchetDamodarDhanbad10966⭐ 06-Dec-1959
  • Other dams include:
    • Bal Pahari on Barakar River
    • Bermo and Panchet on Damodar River
    • Bokaro Dam on Bokaro River (a Damodar tributary)

Power Capacity:

  • Thermal Power: 2000 MW
  • Hydel Power: 147.2 MW
  • Total Power Generation Capacity: ⭐ 2147.2 MW

Irrigation:

  • The project irrigates around 8 lakh hectares of land.

Subarnarekha Multipurpose Project – Supported by World Bank

  • Joint project between Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.
  • Started in 1982-83.
  • Supported by the World Bank.

Major Dams and Sites:

Dam NameRiverDistrictYear
Getalsud DamSubarnarekhaRanchi1971
Chandil DamSubarnarekhaSeraikela-Kharsawan⭐ 1982
Ichha DamKharkaiSeraikela-Kharsawan, West Singhbhum1983 (Work halted due to protest)
Galudih DamSubarnarekhaEast Singhbhum1983
Gajia DamKharkaiEast Singhbhum
Palna DamSubarnarekhaSeraikela-KharsawanProposed

Hydel Power:

  • 130 MW of electricity generated near Hundru Falls.

Environmental Concern:

  • Presence of uranium mines like Narwapahar, Turamdih, and Baghjata near the river.
  • Causes radioactive waste discharge, leading to serious water pollution.

Mayurakshi ProjectCanada-assisted Dam 🇨🇦

  • A joint project of Jharkhand and West Bengal.
  • Constructed on the Mayurakshi River.
  • In 1955, Masanjore Dam (also called Canada Dam) built near Masanjore, Dumka.
  • Tilpara Barrage also constructed on this river.

North Koel ProjectStalled But Important

  • Proposed on North Koel River, started in 1972.
  • Dam and power house construction at Kutku, Latehar district.
  • Aims to provide:
    • Irrigation to Garhwa and Palamu districts in Jharkhand.
    • Water supply to Bihar’s Gaya and Aurangabad districts.
    • Electricity generation also proposed.

Koel-Karo ProjectDiscontinued Due to Protest

  • Proposed on South Koel River and its tributary Karo River.
  • Project scrapped in 2003 due to public opposition and land displacement issues.

Key Exam-Focused Facts (Frequently Asked in Jharkhand Exams):

  • DVC (1948) – India’s first multipurpose river valley project.
  • Chandil Dam – Frequently asked; part of Subarnarekha project.
  • Masanjore Dam (1955) – Built with Canadian aid on Mayurakshi River.
  • Total power generation of DVC in Jharkhand – ⭐ 2147.2 MW
  • Subarnarekha Uranium Issue – Radioactive pollution concern.
  • Koel-Karo Project – Cancelled in 2003 due to mass protests.
  • Ichha Dam – Work stopped due to resistance.

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